![]() ![]() Two important factors when considering mechanical properties are yield strength and ultimate strength. Generally, this alloy is easy to join via welding and readily deforms into most desired shapes, making it a versatile manufacturing material. These values measure the alloy’s stiffness, or resistance to deformation, and are found in Table 1. Its modulus of elasticity is 68.9 GPa (10,000 ksi) and its shear modulus is 26 GPa (3770 ksi). To simplify this article, the strength values for this alloy will be taken from T6 tempered 6061 aluminum alloy (6061-T6), which is a common temper for aluminum plate and bar stock. The mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy differ based on how it is heat treated, or made stronger using the tempering process. 6061 aluminum alloy is heat treatable, easily formed, weld-able, and is good at resisting corrosion. The density of 6061 aluminum alloy is 2.7 g/cm 3 (0.0975 lb/in 3). The third and fourth digits are simply designators for individual alloys (note that this is not the case with 1xxx aluminum alloys). ![]() When this second digit is a “0”, it indicates that the bulk of the alloy is commercial aluminum containing its existing impurity levels, and no special care is needed to tighten controls. The second digit indicates the degree of impurity control for the base aluminum. Type 6061 aluminum is of the 6xxx aluminum alloys, which entails those mixtures which use magnesium and silicon as the primary alloying elements. In this article, 6061 aluminum alloy will be discussed in detail, highlighting its physical properties as well as the common applications for this highly useful material. The Aluminum Association (AA Inc.) is the foremost authority on aluminum alloys and has developed a four-digit naming system used to characterize distinct wrought alloys from one another based on their main alloying elements. Alloys with low percentages of alloying elements (around <4%) are classified into wrought alloys and are workable, whereas those with higher percentages (up to 22%) are classified into cast alloys and are usually brittle. The process of alloying involves adding specific metallic “alloying” elements into a base metal to give it distinct properties such as increased strength, corrosion resistance, conductivity, toughness, etc., or a desired combination of these traits. An alloy is a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements to achieve improved material properties. ![]() Aluminum metal and its alloys are implemented in most, if not all modern industrial processes due to its wide availability and the vast number of uses. ![]()
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